Benjamin Isaac
Benjamin Isaac (Template:Lang-he; born May 10, 1945) is the Fred and Helen Lessing Professor of Ancient History in the Tel Aviv University. He is a member of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities[1] and the American Philosophical Society,[2] the oldest learned society in the United States, dating to 1743.
Biography
Isaac was born in Geneva, Switzerland, where his parents had fled from the Netherlands during World War II, in 1942. He grew up in Amsterdam and studied classics, ancient history and archaeology at Amsterdam University. In 1972, he moved to Israel, where he started working at Tel Aviv University. In 1980, he received his PhD (summa cum laude) for a thesis on the Greek settlements in Thrace until the Macedonian conquest, supervised by Prof. Shalom Perlman.[3] He has held visiting appointments at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ (twice), All Souls College, Oxford, Dumbarton Oaks in Washington, DC, Churchill College Cambridge, the National Humanities Center, North Carolina, Harvard University and the Collège de France.
He is married and has three children.
Research and works
Isaac’s research covers the period from the sixth century BCE until the seventh century CE. It deals with Greek and Roman history and with Jewish history from the second century BCE onward. He has been member of a team surveying the Roman roads in Judaea/Palaestina,[4] and of a group preparing a corpus of ancient inscriptions in all relevant languages from the region, the Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaeae/Palaestinae.
Two of his works should be mentioned here in particular. First, his work on the imperial Roman army and imperialism.[5] This traces the various functions of the provincial army. It was commonly assumed that the main function of the Roman army was the defence of the frontier provinces against foreign enemies. Isaac argues that it had two different tasks, internal police functions and preparation for further expansion. Rome had an ideology of offence and expansion rather than preservation of the status quo and defence. In this connection Isaac has argued that the concept of an imperial frontier was irrelevant in Roman terms. The Empire was not a territorial concept, but one that expressed rule over peoples and cities. Another topic of this book is the question whether Rome had a “Grand strategy” as had been argued. Isaac has shown that this reflects a modern concept that could not apply to ancient reality.
The second work is his book on the ideological roots of racism.[6] In this work Isaac argues that racism must be distinguished from other forms of prejudice and stereotypes. It is a rationalization and systematizaton of prejudice first encountered in the 5th century BCE in Greece as a result of the development of abstract thinking in contemporary philosophy and medical science. The concept of environmental determinism was developed at this time and has been accepted as valid until very recently. It assumes that geography, climate and other external realities impose definite and unchangeable qualities, physical and mental on entire groups of people. As such it preceded social Darwinism as an attempt to rationalize group prejudice. It played a role too in imperialist ideology because it was used to distinguish between superior and inferior peoples. These concepts were taken over by Roman authors and by those who, in later times, used them for similar or related purposes. Thus Isaac argues that the history and development of racism as an ideology has roots going back to Graeco-Roman antiquity.[7]
He is the author of numerous articles.[8] He is also member of a team working on the publication of a corpus of all ancient inscriptions from Judaea / Palestine [9]
Awards
- In 2008, Isaac received the Israel Prize, for history.[10]
See also
References
- ^ Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities website
- ^ American Philosophical Society website
- ^ The Greek Settlements in Thrace until the Macedonian Conquest, (Brill, Leiden 1986).
- ^ B. Isaac and I. Roll, Roman Roads in Judaea, I, The Scythopolis-Legio Road, (Oxford, B.A.R., 1982); M.Fischer, B. Isaac and I. Roll, Roman Roads in Judaea, ii, The Jaffa - Jerusalem Roads (B.A.R. International Series, Oxford 1996),
- ^ Benjamin Isaac The Limits of Empire: the Roman Army in the East (Oxford University Press, second ed. 1992).
- ^ The Invention of Racism in Classical Antiquity (Princeton University Press 2004).
- ^ See the recent conference proceedings: Miriam Eliav-Feldon, Benjamin Isaac and Joseph Ziegler (eds.), The Origins of Racism in the West (Cambridge University Press, 2009)
- ^ The Near East under Roman Rule: Selected Papers (Brill, Leiden 1998)
- ^ The first volume to appear is Corpus Inscriptionum Iudaea/Palaestinae Volume I Jerusalem, Part I (Berlin: De Gruyter 2010)
- ^ "Israel Prize Official Site (in Hebrew) - Judges' Rationale for Grant to Recipient".